具有残留耦合的分子间和分子内多量子相干及其应用

核磁共振中分子内与分子间多量子相干已得到充分的发展和广泛的使用. 为深入系统地比较研究两种多量子相干的物理机理与性质及其潜在的应用,本文总结近年来相关研究的前沿,首先系统地论述了产生这两种多量子相干的基础－偶极耦合－的作用机理,然后再分别描述基于分子内偶极耦合的分子内多量子相干和基于分子间偶极耦合的分子间多量子相干的原理、性质、及其在化学、生物等领域中的应用.      

Enhanced gelation property due to intra-molecular hydrogen bonding in a new series of bis(amino acid)-functionalized pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide organogelators

A series of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide derivatives containing two α-amino acid pendant groups was prepared and characterized. Three of the synthesized compounds obtained from this series, all having aromatic amino acid side chains, were found to be excellent organogelators toward aromatic solvents (mgc∼10-20 mg/mL), alcoholic solvents (mgc∼4-15 mg/mL), and CCl₄ (mgc∼4-10 mg/mL). It was found that the intra-molecular hydrogen bonds between the pyridine dicarboxamide N-Hs and the pyridine N atom were the key structural elements for gel formation. This series of compounds represented one of the rare examples where both inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds were needed for effective gel formation. FTIR, ¹H NMR, and CD spectroscopy revealed that both hydrogen bonding and π-π aromatic stacking were the driving forces for gelation.     

A simulation algorithm based on Bloch equations and product operator matrix: application to dipolar and scalar couplings

A product operator matrix is proposed to describe scalar couplings in liquid NMR. Combination of the product operator matrix and non-linear Bloch equations is employed to describe effects of chemical shift, translational diffusion, dipolar field, radiation damping, and relaxation in multiple spin systems with both scalar and dipolar couplings. A new simulation algorithm based on this approach is used to simulate NMR signals from dipolar field effects in the presence of scalar couplings. Several typical coupled spin systems with both intra-molecular scalar couplings and inter-molecular dipolar couplings are simulated. Monte Carlo methods are incorporated into simulations as well to analyze diffusion process in these complicated spin systems. The simulated results of diffusion and relaxation parameters and 2D NMR spectra are coincident with the experimental measurements, and agree with theoretical predictions as well. The simulation algorithm presented herein therefore provides a convenient means for designing pulse sequences and quantifying experimental results in complex coupled spin systems.     

Simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in microgram quantities from low plasma volume by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A highly sensitive, selective and high-throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) has been developed and validated using imipramine as an internal standard. The analytes were extracted from 50 µL human plasma using solid phase extraction (SPE) and separated on Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column under isocratic conditions in a run time of 2.5 min. Detection was carried out by tandem mass spectrometer, interfaced with electro spray ionization and operating in positive ionization mode. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.88–80 µg/mL for SMZ and 0.03–30 µg/mL for TMP. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision (% CV) evaluated at four quality control levels were within 93.5–105.0% and 1.3–7.2% respectively. The absolute recovery was greater than 81% for both the analytes at two concentration levels. Stability of SMZ and TMP was assessed under different storage conditions. The validated method was successfully applied for a bioavailability study in 12 healthy volunteers after oral administration of 800 mg of SMZ and 160 mg of TMP succinate tablet formulations under fasting condition.     

Formation of p-cresol:piperazine complex in solution monitored by spin-lattice relaxation times and pulsed field gradient NMR diffusion measurements

A study of the nature of the anthelmintic p-cresol:piperazine complex in chloroform solution has been conducted using different NMR techniques: self-diffusion coefficients using DOSY; NOE, NULL, and double-selective T1 measurements to determine inter-molecular distances; and selective and non-selective T1 measurements to determine correlation times. The experimental results in solution and CP-MAS were compared to literature X-ray diffraction data using molecular modeling. It was shown that the p-cresol:piperazine complex exists in solution in a very similar manner as it does in the solid state, with one p-cresol molecule hydrogen bonded through the hydroxyl hydrogen to each nitrogen atom of piperazine. The close correspondence between the X-ray diffraction data and the inter-proton distances obtained by NULL and double selective excitation techniques indicate that those methodologies can be used to determine inter-molecular distances in solution.     

Scope and limitations of HClO4-SiO2 as an extremely efficient, inexpensive, and reusable catalyst for chemoselective carbon-sulfur bond formation

The scope and limitations of perchloric acid adsorbed on silica gel (HClO₄-SiO₂) as a highly efficient, inexpensive, and reusable catalyst for chemoselective carbon-sulfur bond formation by conjugate addition of thiols to α,β-unsaturated ketones under solvent-free conditions and at rt are reported. In the case of 1,3-diphenylpropenone, the reactions were best carried out either at 80 °C under solvent-free conditions or at rt in MeOH. The reaction of aryl, arylalkyl, alkyl thiols, and alkane dithiols with cyclic and acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones afforded excellent yields of the corresponding β-sulfidocarbonyls after 2 min to 2 h. In the case of dithiols, the bis-thia-Michael adducts were formed. The rate of the reaction was found to be dependent on the electronic and steric factors of the α,β-unsaturated ketones and the thiols. A substituent at the β-carbon of the α,β-unsaturated ketone offered steric hindrance for conjugate addition and such substrates required longer times. In case of aromatic thiols, the presence of the nitro group reduced the nucleophilicity of the sulfhydryl sulfur atom resulting in slower rate of reaction for 4-nitrothiophenol compared to that of thiophenol and 4-methylthiophenol. For alkane thiol, the reaction rate was influenced by the steric crowding of the alkyl group attached to the sulfhydryl moiety. The rate of reaction for alkane thiols was sluggish compared to that of aryl thiols. The influence of the β-substituent on the rate of thia-Michael addition was utilized for selective reaction during inter-molecular competitions of cyclohexen-2-one versus 3-methyl-2-cyclohexenone, cyclohexen-2-one versus 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one versus 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one with thiophenol with 100:0, 91:9, and 70:30 selectivities, respectively. The difference in the rate of reaction of thiophenol and 4-nitrothiophenol was also reflected during the inter-molecular competition for the reaction with cyclohexen-2-one with an excellent selectivity of 100:0. The influence of the steric factor of the alkyl group in alkane thiol resulted in 62:38 selectivity during the inter-molecular competition of ethane thiol and tert-butanethiol with cyclohexen-2-one. During inter- and intra-molecular competitions of thia- versus aza- and thia- versus oxa-Michael addition reactions, chemoselective thia-Michael addition took place. The chemoselective thia-Michael addition over aza-Michael addition during intra-molecular competion reactions with 2-aminothiophenol was utilized for an efficient one-pot synthesis of benzothiazepines.     

对甲氧基苯甲醛肟晶体结构、 红外光谱及分子间相互作用的实验与理论研究

从实验和理论两个方面研究了Z型和E型对甲氧基苯甲醛肟晶体的熔点、 结构、 红外光谱和分子间相互作用. 在E型和Z型晶体中, 对甲氧基苯甲醛肟分子分别呈二聚体重复单元和双链Zigzag结构排列. 研究结果表明, 电荷分布变化引起的静电相互作用差别、 形成氢键的方式和强度以及晶体中分子排列方式导致的范德华作用不同是造成Z型和E型对甲氧基苯甲醛肟固体熔点、 红外光谱等物理性质差别的根本原因.     

AlPO4-5分子筛模板剂的量子化学计算

以23种有机分子作为模板剂用于AlPO₄-5分子筛的合成,利用分子图形技术研究这些有机分子的形状和尺寸,采用量子化学PM3方法研究这些有机分子的电子性质,计算它们与AlPO₄-5分子筛骨架模型簇之间的相互作用能。结果表明,量子化学计算数据可以作为寻找合成AlPO₄-5分子筛新型模板剂时的重要参考依据。     

Vibrational properties of [33](1,3,5)-cyclophane and bridged-hexaprismane

Full geometry optimization yielded unexpected bond length alternations of [3₃](1,3,5)-cyclophane as well as bridged hexaprismane. According to NICS calculations, aromaticity of [3₃](1,3,5)-cyclophane is slightly reduced but it is still quite aromatic.The peaks at 1456 and 1439 cm⁻¹ turned out to be the conformation indicators. On the basis of these peaks, it is concluded that the inter-molecular forces in the condensed phase determine the conformational distributions. The peaks at 1215, 1200, 1171 and 1114 cm⁻¹ of the bridged hexaprismane were found to be the characteristic peaks of prismane.     

硬模板法高温水热合成微孔-介孔二氧化硅及掺铝介孔二氧化硅

摘要 采用高温水热合成的方法有利于得到具备高水热稳定性的介孔二氧化硅.本研究中,我们利用α-亚麻酸在加热条件下通过胶束内聚合转化为能够耐受高温水热环境的介观模板,利用此硬模板在高温水热条件下直接合成了微孔-介孔二氧化硅及掺铝介孔二氧化硅.采用了不同的表征手段如X射线衍射（XRD）,氮气吸附,透射电镜等手段对材料进行了表征. 实验结果表明,制得的材料在沸水中处理5天后,仍能保持670m2 g-1的比表面积.透射电镜结果和NLDFT孔径分析结果显示,材料同时具备介孔和微孔结构.29Si MAS NMR谱图显示,完全缩聚的Q4型硅为材料中主要的硅组分,这解释了材料的高水热稳定性.